The original intention and mission of education is to promote children’s comprehensive and healthy growth.This sentence is simple, but it is not easy to implement it. It is necessary to reshape and rebuild the educational concepts, structures, content and methods.
Huang Quanyu’s book “The Basis of Education” guides readers to think deeply about what high -quality education should have, and in the new period of education should consolidate the growth of students.The related topics discussed in the book are hot topics in the field of education in recent years, which will help educators to clarify their responsibilities, clarify their mission, and better implement the tasks of Lideshu people.
Education system improvement
Education is a systematic engineering, and school education is only part of this system.
When it comes to education, people always focus on school education, which is directly related to the changes in society.In the era of farming, families are the most important social units. Parents should bear the important responsibilities of their children’s learning and growth, so the focus of education at that time was in the family.After entering the industrial society, units and institutions have gradually become the main position of people’s work and social interaction. Many parents go out to work. They have no time and energy to bear the responsibility of raising their children. The focus of education has gradually shifted to schools.Now, we are at a critical stage of social transformation, and we are turning to an information society characterized by artificial intelligence.This new social form puts forward higher requirements for people’s quality.This requires people to re -understand and further improve and improve the education system to ensure that children grow up and healthy.
This is the reason why the “trinity” of family education, school education, and social education has been emphasized in recent years.These three types of education have their own characteristics and complement each other.Family education is the core of children’s growth. Children’s personality, character, and habits are developed in family education; school education focuses on cultivating children’s key capabilities and necessary character that needs to have in future social development, helping children from natural personsGrowing into social people; the core function of social education is to build a useful cultural field for children’s healthy development, so that excellent and positive cultural infiltration of children’s hearts, thick their spiritual world, and enthusiastically invest in social activitiesEssence
However, in the eyes of Huang Quanyu, in addition to the above -mentioned “trinity” educational structure, there is an important sector in the education system that is the child’s self -education.Learning is the nature of children. In the process of learning, constantly summarizing gains and losses, and constantly reflecting on experience and errors, is the process of self -education.It is precisely because the child will carry out self -education including self -choice, self -reflection, self -regulation, and self -summary, which prompted himself to mature from childish to maturity.
Huang Quanyue emphasized that a comprehensive education system should be composed of four factors, namely self -education, family education, school education, and social education, which constitute a three -dimensional structure similar to a positive triangular cone.The “trio” we are familiar with is equivalent to the “bottom” of the triangular cone, and self -education is the “top” of the triangular cone.The starting point of quality education is people, and the destination is also a person. All the tasks of education must be designed around the self -education.The system is planned and effectively implemented in order to fundamentally improve the quality of talents.
Transformation of Education and Teaching
Since self -education occupies the most important position in the entire education system, whether to highlight self -education in educational practice has become a testing of tested educational golden stones that have a tested education foundation and whether to promote students’ comprehensive and healthy growth.
We all know that if one thing can be controlled, you can decide what time and what extent can you do.Conversely, if things are imposed by others, they do not want to do it in their hearts, and they are required to be completed for a limited time. In most cases, it is impossible for this matter to do well.If all the students’ study time is arranged, there are almost no time and space that can be selected and freely dominated by themselves, how can such a complete loss of learning? How can it reflect self -education?Huang Quanyu said: “On the one hand, we say that the future of the world belongs to children, but on the other hand, the world does not belong to children.” The reason why this is because all the decisions, measurements, and design of education are adults.It is difficult to consider the inherent needs of students.We all know that “I want to learn” learning efficiency and obvious results; “I want me to learn” has low learning efficiency and poor results.But in practice, the education of “want me to learn” is so common. This is really a paradox of education and teaching, and it is also a focus of education transformation.
In our daily teaching, almost all knowledge is presented to the students through textbook transmission and teachers’ description. Students have “mastered” the knowledge learned by repeated training, but whether this experience formed by others is really true.Reliable, does it reflect the original appearance of knowledge and promote the improvement of student literacy?The learning content includes two major sections, one is indirect experience, and the other is direct experience. They are like the bearer on both sides of the balance. Only the quality of the two can maintain the balance of balance.Cultivation of top -notch innovative talents in the basic education stage is to make students think about problems like scientists.Huang Quanyu pointed out for this that the three elements of science need to be highlighted in education practice: first, the purpose of science -to discover various laws; the other is the spirit of science -questioning, independence, and unique; the third is the scientific method -logicAvailable, quantitative, and empirical.These all need to be well cultivated through the students’ personal practice, especially in the practice of real life.
Realization of self -education
The focus of education from teachers to students’ self -education can not be achieved only by breaking the existing curriculum system. It is not necessary to achieve with various dazzling new learning methods.Student “learning” is to train “candidates” or cultivate “students”.In Huang Quanyue’s view, knowledge can be divided into two categories.One type is a known and accurate answer. If learning only requires students to master such knowledge and let students confirm this kind of knowledge in various ways, we are teaching students “learning”, that is, training “candidates for candidates”” “.The other type is unknown and without exact answers. The process of guiding students to explore and discovering the unknown world is to cultivate students’ “learning”, that is, to cultivate “students”.To do this, the systematic changes of ideas and practical levels need to be done. From the original teachers to organize curriculum resources with subject logic, design and teaching processes to the students’ learning logic as the starting point of teaching.Disciplinary logic usually adopts the analysis of the Ding Ding Niu Niu, which decomposes the original things into a small unit or knowledge point to study, so that students can see that the trees are not seen in the forest.Learning logic usually adopts a integration method. Based on the actual problems in real life, the specific problems of students’ personal experience are used as the starting point of the research, and the inquiry path of integration -analysis -integration is adopted to allow students to see both trees and forests.The beauty of application stimulates the inherent motivation of students to continue to explore various types of knowledge.
Curiosity is the prerequisite for a person to learn and educate yourself.Why are people curious?It is because there are many questions he faces in the world that he can’t find the answer.In order to find the answer to a question, he strives to learn all kinds of knowledge and strive to improve his ability to analyze and solve the problem.However, in this process, more problems are found, which will inspire greater curiosity … Such a endless cycle process is the process of constant growth of a person, and it is also a process of self -education.We need to ask frequently: Does today’s educational activities inspire students’ curiosity and let students have more problems and confusion?Make problems constantly emerging in students’ minds is an important symbol to measure whether a lesson has high quality.A good class always allows students to walk in with a few problems, and more new problems emerge when they leave.This is actually a misunderstanding that allows students to have no problems as a sign of successful teaching.”Learn that you know doubt, small suspicions are small, and big doubts are big.” After the student cannot find a problem after learning, the problem will be found and “solve” the student.
(The author is deputy dean of the Shanghai Education Examination Institute)
“China Education News”, April 17, 2024, 10th edition 10