Gui Jianfang (right) instructed students to do scientific research in the laboratory.
Interviewee confession
Biography
Gui Jianfang: Born in June 1956, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, an academician of the National Academy of Sciences.Former director of the Institute of Aquatic Biological Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, director of the National Key Laboratory of Tamsui Ecology and Biotechnology, and currently the vice chairman of the Chinese Society of Animal Society, the chairman of the Fish Branch, and the vice chairman of the Chinese Fisheries Society.Innovate the technology route of the genetic breeding technology of multi -tweed silver croar and all -majestic yellow catfish, host or cooperate to cultivate 4 new types of aquatic products.Won more than 10 scientific and technological achievement awards including the National Natural Science Award of the National Natural Science Award and the Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Outstanding Contribution Award.
In the laboratory of the Institute of Aquatic Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Wuhan, Hubei, 68 -year -old Gui Jianfang was carrying scientific researchers for artificial breeding tests of catfish.
As a fish genetic breeding scientist, Gui Jianfang has long focused on the development of genetic genetic foundation and biotechnology research related to the genetic breeding of fish.The common catfish on the Chinese dining table is one of his main research objects.For more than 40 years, he led the team to cultivate 4 new high -quality aquatic products, and has been authorized to invent more than 10 patents, providing the Chinese with more deliciousness.
Run all over the river and study fish genes
In June 1956, Gui Jianfang was born in a small village in Huangmei County, Hubei. Here is a dragon in the east. The water system is developed. Fishermen eat water by water, but the fishing volume is not stable.The idea of raising fishing harvest was buried in Gui Jianfang’s heart for a long time.
In March 1978, Gui Jianfang became the first college student after resumption of the college entrance examination.He entered the Department of Biology of Wuhan University and studied undergraduate and master’s degree. He studied with a well -known biological geneticist Professor Yu Xianjue and studied the chromosomal group of freshwater fish.
“Chromosome is a carrier of genetic material, which plays an important role in the phenotype, gender, health and future generations of organisms.” Gui Jianfang said that at the time, he studied more than 30 kinds of freshwater fish with his teacher and found that most of the fish of the vast number of fish were found.Body cells contain 48 or 50 chromosomes, called double body fish, and their descendants are female and male.
When he observed the silver carp under the microscope, he found a new situation: the body cells of this fish contain 162 chromosomes, which was called a tripod.Features of female nuclear reproduction.
At that time, Jiang Yizheng, the director of the Institute of Aquatic Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, had discovered this phenomenon and started to carry out the breeding test of catfish.After graduating from Wuhan University in 1984, Gui Jianfang, who had a strong interest in the genetic characteristics of Silver, joined Jiang Yizhen’s research group.
“According to foreign scholars, this reproductive method should be all females, but in nature, there are indeed some male individuals.” Gui Jianfang said, what are the factors that determine alcca?Why does Silver Candle have such characteristics?In order to answer these questions, we must find out the characteristics and distribution of catfish species of catfish.
During the three years since 2010, Gui Jianfang led the team to sampling around, running through the Motherland’s Dajiang Lake, and from more than 50 sampling points in more than 40 rivers and lakes, more than 5,000 catfish samples were collected.After returning, the team extracted genetic material samples and carried out gene sequencing. The theory and technology of molecular biology and developmental biology were used to systematically study the genetic foundation and reproductive mechanism of silver, and for the first time, it revealed the unique multi -reproductive method of silver.
“Single reproductive is usually considered to be the” dead end “of evolution, but silver has shown a strong genetic diversity and environmental adaptability.” Gui Jianfang said that after many years of research, he proposed the first time he proposed the “double three -fold body”concept.These findings and research results have laid the theoretical foundation for the cultivation of the excellent variety of silver in the system.
Severa the breeding difficulties and increase the yield of catfish
In Hubei Huangshi Forter Aquatic Seedlings Co., Ltd., the staff sowed the feed through the machine into the fish pond.”Under the guidance of Teacher Gui, we are breeding and promoting the new type of catfish” No. 5 Zhongke “. This variety has an increase of more than 20%and the output has increased significantly.” Li Jianbing, general manager of the company, was proud.
As a local aquaculture leading enterprise, Ferr’s aquatic seedlings have cooperated with Gui Jianfang’s team, established “Academician Expert Workstation”, and carried out artificial reproduction and seedling species of “Zhongke No. 3” and “Zhongke 5″Cultivating tests, annual production of more than 500 million fish seedlings.The company has become a test base in genetic breeding of the Institute of Aquatic Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
my country is one of the major aquatic products in the world, and the output of aquaculture has maintained the world’s first in the world for more than 30 consecutive years.However, in Gui Jianfang’s view, how to further “eat well” by cultivating excellent varieties can be “good” on the basis of “eating”, and the unremitting efforts of scientific researchers are needed.
The unique genetic method of Silver Curdium provides conditions for the selection and breeding of new varieties.”The selection of new varieties is a long and arduous process. First of all, it is necessary to screen out a strong and obvious parent fish for breeding. Each breeding generation leaves the most ideal offspring as breeding fish.Pure, eventually reach the ideal ‘improvement rate. “Gui Jianfang said that this process takes 10 or even decades.
For more than 10 years, Gui Jianfang led the team to use modern biotechnology such as molecular marking, molecular modules, and design varieties to cultivate new varieties such as “Zhongke 3”, “Zhongke 5”, and Changfeng.With everyone’s joint efforts, the production of catfish across the country climbed from 48,000 tons in 1983 to 2.784 million tons in 2021.
Guide breeding practice, service industry development
“Although Hippot (commonly known as catfish), although it is delicious, there are too many small stabs. Is there any solution?”
“We have used gene editing technology to cultivate more than 200 muscle -free scalpy cashcats in the laboratory. It is currently undergoing relevant evaluation work. In the future, I believe that everyone can eat catfish without small thorns.”Not long ago, Gui Jianfang was teaching a science science course for some citizens and primary and secondary school students in the “Academician Guo Jianfang Natural Science Popularization Studio” in Wuhan Jiefang Park.
In 2013, Gui Jianfang was elected academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.As the industry -recognized academic leader of fish cell engineering, Gui Jianfang’s burden was heavier.While doing a good job of scientific research and teaching, he also actively devoted himself to various popular science education activities, and at the same time guided breeding technical practice in various places.In Huangshi City, he helped farmers to solve the problem of low survival rate of fish seedlings; in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu, he guided local farmers to breed new types of yellow catfish and drive farmers to increase their income … As of now, Gui Jianfang has trained farmers in total training farmersMore than 5,000 people allow the development of scientific research results to better serve the development of the industry.
“Academician Gui not only tells you the esoteric scientific knowledge and scientific research achievements in unknown language, but also condenses more than 50 experts and scholars from colleges and scientific research institutes to participate in the work of natural ecological science.There are nearly a hundred activities. “Tang Wen, director of the Ecological Repair Division of the Garden and Forestry Bureau of Wuhan City, introduced that these popular science lectures and activities were almost full of venues, and they were loved by the general public.
Since 1989, Gui Jianfang has worked in the first -tier education of graduate education of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for more than 30 years. He has taught courses such as “Fish Genetic Breeding”, “Development Biology” and “Aquatic Genetic Breeding”.Driven by his influence and drive, a generation of aquatic researchers, based on national needs, wrote papers on the land of the motherland, and continuously promoted the high -quality development of aquatic breeding.
■ Reporter Notes
Work hard to provide more and better aquatic food
For more than 40 years, Gui Jianfang has been unremittingly explored in the field of fish genetic breeding, looking for a higher output of aquatic products such as catfish, and unremitting efforts to realize the “freedom of fish eating fish”.
Aquatic products such as fish are important sources of high -quality protein needed by the human body. In particular, freshwater breeding fish such as catfish, which have become the main varieties of freshwater farming in my country, have made outstanding contributions to the “vegetable baskets” of the people.In recent years, the output of Chinese aquaculture has always accounted for about 2/3 of the world, providing domestic consumers with a source of animal protein of more than 1/3.
